Umxholo ingqiqo sele kuthethiwe ngawo ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamawaka amathathu ngaphandle kwenkqubela phambili eyenzekayo ebinokwenza ukuba isifundo sibe lula nakubani na ukuba asisebenzise.

“Ingqiqo” ithetha umxholo wokuqiqa, ekukucinga malunga neenyani kunye nezimvo nokwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo ngazo.

Ngokulula, ingqiqo sisifundo sokuba izimvo okanye iinyani zihlanganiswa njani ngendlela eyenza ingqondo yokuchaza izinto kunye nokubanako ukwenza oku. Ngaphaya kwee nkulungwane kuye kwakho abantu ababiza ingqiqo i science. Oko, nangona kunjalo, oko akunangqondo kuba i science yokwenene sisifundo esilungelelanisiweyo, esichanekileyo nesigqibeleleyo sesifundo esenziwayo ukwenzela ukungqina okanye ukungavisisani nezimvo esele zikho, ukufumana iinyani ezintsha kunye nokuphuhlisa izimvo ezintsha ngokusebenzisa ulwazi ngeendlela ekuvunyelenweyo ukuba ibone yintoni esebenzayo.

Ke, ukuba ingqiqo nyani yayiyi “science,” abantu bebeya kuba nakho ukucinga. Kodwa abantu abakwazi ukucinga ngokuqiqa.

Nokuba igama elithi “ingqiqo” alinabuhlobo ngokupheleleyo kwaye linokwenza umntu oyike ukusondela kulo, ecinga ukuba lingaphaya kokubanako ukuqonda kubo. Ukuba ubunokufunda incwadi nge ngqiqo, ubuno kubhideka kwaye ukhathazeke uzama ukuyifumanisa phandle kwaye, eneneni, ungafundi nokuba ucinga njani—nto leyo ingqiqo ifanele ukukunceda uyenze.

Kodwa ingqiqo okanye ukubanako ukucinga kubaluleke kakhulu kuye nabani na ophethe ukuququzelela nokulawula iqela okanye inkampani. Ukuba awukwazi ukucinga ngokucacileyo, awuyi kuba nakho ukufikelela kwizigqibo ezifanelekileyo ukwenza izigqibo ezichanekileyo.

Iiofisi ezininzi zikarhulumente, bonke oorhulumente, imibutho yoluntu kunye namaqela asebenzise ithuba lokungaqondi kwabantu ingqiqo kwaye bayenze ixesha elide. Kungenxa yokuba xa abantu bengacingi ngokucacileyo okanye baqiqe kwaye bazenzele izinto, banokulawulwa ngokulula ngokubaxelela ubuxoki kwaye bafumane inkxaso ngonobangela ababi okanye abangathandekiyo (iinjongo zeqela okanye intshukumo).

Ke ingqiqo ayizange ibe sisifundo esixhaswayo kodwa eneneni ngokuchaseneyo. Ukuqonda ingqiqo bekucinezelwe.

Nezikolo eziseMelika naseYurophu ziye zazama ukweyisela abafundi ukuba mabafunde imathematics njenge “ndlela abacinga ngayo.” Kwaye, ewe, abantu abacingi ngaloo ndlela.

Umlawuli, umphathi, ingcali (umsebenzi onobuchule owenza izinto ngesandla) kunye nomabhalana ngamnye banokusebenzisa ingqiqo ebaluleke kakhulu kwaye eyimfuneko. Ukuba abanakho ukuqiqa, banokwenza indleko kakhulu kunye neempazamo ezidla ixesha kwaye bangabangela ukuba umbutho uphele ubhidekile kwaye wonakele.

Into umntu ngamnye kulawulo nakwimigca yomsebenzi aqhele ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ajongane nayo yi data (ulwazi) kunye neemeko (ububanzi ngokubanzi indawo apho umzimba we data yangoku ikhona). Ngaphandle kokuba banokujonga nabuphi na ubunzima okanye iingxaki kwindawo yabo kwaye bacinge ngendlela yabo ngolwazi, banokufikelela kwisigqibo esingalunganga kwaye bathathe amanyathelo angalunganga. Oku kuya kwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi.

Namhlanje, uMntu ucinga ukuba imathematics ingamnceda ukuba afumane ingqiqo kodwa uninzi lweemeko zakhe ziya zisiba mbi ngakumbi ngenxa yokubekwa endaweni engeyiyo kokuzithemba (ukukholelwa kwinto). Isizathu sokuba kulahleke kungenxa yokuba iingxaki zabantu zintsonkothe ​​kakhulu ngezinto ezininzi (iimeko okanye iimeko) ezichaphazelekayo kangangokuba oko kwenza ukuba imathematics ingoneli ngokupheleleyo. Ngamanye amagama, akwanelanga.

Ukuba abantu kulawulo nakwimigca yomsebenzi abayazi ingqiqo, umbutho ungalahlekelwa sisikhokelo kunye nozinzo kwaye ke kufuneka inqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu lobukrelekrele, isakhono futhi ukubanako bokuyibamba ikunye kwaye iqhubeke isebenza. Ngelishwa, elo nqanaba lobukrelekrele, isakhono kunye nokubanako akusoloko kufumaneka ngokulula kulo naliphi na iqela okanye umbutho, ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu kakhulu ngokuqesha ingcali. Kodwa kwa oko akuso siqinisekiso sokuba izinto ziya kuphucuka embuthweni.

Kuyo yonke imbali kuye kwakho impucuko yonke isifa ngenxa yokuba ingqiqo ayizange yaziwe kwaye isetyenziswe ngabalawuli bayo, iinkokheli kunye nabantu.

Ke esi sisifundo esibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuvula Ingqiqo

I Scientology iqulathe indlela yokwenza ingqiqo ifumaneke kuwe ukuze uyiqonde kwaye uyisebenzise. Le yeyona mpumelelo enkulu yokuthatha esona sinzima kakhulu kwaye phantse singafezeki isifundo kwaye isenze lula. Ngoku iimpendulo ezichanekileyo kwiimeko zinokufumaneka rhoqo ngakumbi kwaye unokuphumelela ngakumbi kwizenzo zakho ukuze uphile kwaye wande. Oku kukwasebenza nakweliphi na iqela, umbutho okanye impucuko.

Impumelelo yinto elula:

NGOKUMISELA (ukwenza into icace okanye iqatshelwe) IINDLELA EZITHI IZINTO ZIBE AKUKHO NGQIQO, UMNTU ANGAMISELA INGQIQO.

Ngamanye amagama, ukuba umntu unokuqonda okwenza ukuba izinto zibe akukho ngqiqo okanye azikho ngqiqweni (ngempambano) kuyenzeka ukuba ucinge ngezinto ezenza izinto zibe y’ ingqiqo.

Akukho ngqiqo

Kukho iindlela ngqo, xa abantu bedlulisa ulwazi okanye benze imeko ethile yaziwe kwabanye, ukuze kube akukho ngqiqo. Ezi zizinto ezibangela ukuba ube noluvo olungachanekanga ngemeko. Indlela nganye eyahlukileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi outpoint, esikuyo nayiphi na i datum enye (isiqwenga esinye solwazi, inyani) enikezwa njengeyinyani nesengqiqweni. Nganye kwezi ichazwe ngezantsi ngemizekelo yokwenza kucace gca.

I Data Ekhutshiweyo

Nantoni na ekhutshiweyo, kuthetha ukuba ishiywe phandle kwaye ayikhankanywanga okanye ayikho, lonto iyi outpoint.

Lo ingangumntu okhutshiweyo, into, i energy, isithuba, ixesha, imo, ukulandelelana okanye indawo ekhutshiweyo (indawo okanye iimeko apho into ethile yenzekayo okanye kufanele yenzekile). Nantoni na enokuba y’ekhutshiweyo ekufuneka ibekhona iyi outpoint.

Umzekelo, ukuba ushiye ikhowudi yeposi kwikhadi owawulithumela kwilungu losapho, inokulahleka kwinkonzo yeposi okanye ithathe ixesha elide ukuba lifike kuloo mntu. Le yi data ekhutshiweyo. Okanye thatha umzekelo wakho wokuba ubambe itheko lesidlo sangokuhlwa kodwa akufiki umhlobo obethembise ukubakho. Lowo ingangumntu okhutshiweyo kwaye uyakukwazi ukuba into ethile ayilunganga. Unokuzibuza ukuba uphi loo mhlobo okanye ukhathazekile ukuba mhlawumbi kukho into eyenzekileyo kumhlobo wakho.

Ngokwesiqhelo, le yeyona ingaqatshelwayo i outpoint njengoko ingekho ngqo ekutsaleni ingqalelo.

Ulandelelwano Olutshintshiweyo

Ulandelelwano kukulandelelana kwezinto ezenzeka ngayo okanye indlela elandela ngayo into emva kwenye ngoluhlu olune ngqiqo.

Naziphi na izinto, imicimbi, izinto, ubungakanani, ngolandelelwano olungalunganga leyo yi outpoint.

Umzekelo, uthotho lwamanani 3, 7, 1, 2, 4, 6, 5 lulandelelwano olutshintshiweyo, okanye ulandelelwano olungachanekanga. Ukulandelelana ngokuchanekileyo ngu-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

Ukwenza inyathelo lesibini lokulandelelana kwezenzo ngaphambi kokwenza inyathelo lokuqala kungabalelwa ukuze kubhidise naluphi na ulandelwano lwezenzo.

Esona siseko se outness kukuba ungalandelelanisi konke konke. (I outness yimeko okanye isimo sento engachanekanga, engalunganga okanye elahlekileyo.) Oku kubangela ukuba abantu babe nezimvo ezisisigxina, ezi zizimvo okanye iinkolelo umntu anazo nezingazu kutshintsha. Umzekelo, ungakubona oku kumntu oneemvakalelo ezimbi kakhulu malunga nelinye iqela, inkolo okanye uhlanga ngenxa yokuba lwahlukile. Lo mntu akakwazi ukujonga umntu ngamnye kwaye ababone njengoko banjalo, endaweni yoko ubambelela kwizimvo zakhe ezisisigxina kwaye azive intiyo.

Esi siseko i outness sikwabonwa kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba ukuzahlula, nobuhlanya, apho umntu acinga ukuba izinto zahlukile kwinto eziyiyo okanye ucinga ezinye izinto ezingenanto yakwenza nezinye ziyafana. Umntu onjalo akazidibanisi iingcinga zakhe kunye namazwi kwezona zinto zimngqongileyo. Olu hlobo lomntu luphinda lutsibe jikelele kwaye lutshintshe ukusuka kwisifundo ukuya kwisifundo esingenanto yakwenza esinye kwesinye kwaye zingabina kulandelelana okucacileyo. Oluhlobo lomntu okukuzahlula ngumzekelo ogqithileyo apho izinto ezinento yokwenza nezinye zingabonwa ngulomntu, okanye izinto ezi zezona zingenanto yakwenza nezinye zicingelelwa njengezinento ezifanayo.

“Ulandelelwano” kuthetha ukuba umgca (kumgca) uhamba nokuba uhamba nge sithuba okanye ixesha okanye zombini.

Ulandelelwano kufuneka lube lunye kwaye ingeyiyo eye outpoint (njengomzekelo wolandelelwano ngokuchanekileyo kwamanani agutyungelwe ngaphambili).

“Ulundelelwano” olungekhoyo kodwa kucingelwa ukuba yenye i outpoint.

Inqwelo-phambi -kwe-hashe nga phandle kolandelelwano yi outpoint.

Ngamanye amaxesha owona msebenzi wakho unzima kukuchazela umntu ngento eza kwenzeka kubo ukuba bayaqhubeka nokwenza le nto bayenzayo. Basenokungayiboni kwaphela. Esi sisiphumo (isiphumo sento). Uzama ukuxelela lo mntu ukuba “ukuba usarha ususe umlenze wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uzakuwa,” kodwa abayiboni lonto.

Oku kuyinyani ngamapolisa. Bazama ukwenza into ebonakalayo ebantwini yoko kuya kwenzeka ukuba benze into engalunganga, kodwa abanye abantu abanalo ulwazi lolandelelwano. Ke ngoko isoyikiso soyokoyiswa ngamapolisa sisebenza kakuhle kubantu abasele beziphethe kakuhle, kuba banengqondo ngakumbi, kodwa ayisebenzi komnye umntu obayo okanye owenzakalisa abanye kuba bengabenzi bobubi ngenxa yokuba bengacingi ngolandelelwano—nje ngokulula bagxilile, kuthetha ukuba ingqalelo yabo ihlala iqhubeka ngombono okanye kwinto ethile. Ke ungathi “Ukuba uthe wabulala umntu, uyakuya ejele,” kwaye olu lulandelelwano olucacileyo. Kodwa umntu obulala umntu egxile kukuziphindezela (ukwenzakalisa okanye ukohlwaya omnye umntu ngenxa yokuba enze into embi kuwe) akacingi ngolandelelwano. Umntu kufuneka acinge ngolandelelwano ukuze abe nolandelelwano oluchanekileyo.

Ke ngoko, kuxhaphake kakhulu kunokuba ubuza kucinga ukubona ulandelelwano olutshintshiweyo kuba abantu abangacingiyo ngolandelelwano bengaluboni ulandelelwano olutshintshiweyo kwizenzo zabo okanye iindawo.

Ukuba uziqhelanisa nemifanekiso ngqondweni nolandelelwano kwaye ugrumbe ukutshintsha ingqalelo yakho, unokukwazi ukuyolula kwaye ubuyise ukubanako.

Umbhali wabona ukuba iimovie kunye ne TV zigxilisa ingqalelo kwaye zingavumeli umdla wabantu ukuba ushukume. Umzekelo wale nto yaziwa ngokuba “izambane lekhawutshi,” umntu ohlala nje abukele i TV kakhulu kwaye angabinabo ubomi obusebenzayo. Kwaye apho abazali bakhulise abantwana babo babukele umabonwakude kakhulu ngenjongo yokubagcina bexakekile, uya kuthi ekugqibeleni uphele nabantu abanomkhwa (indlela umntu aziphatha ngayo ngenxa yokucinga kwakhe) wokutshintsha ulandelelwano okanye ukungalandelelani kwaphela. Oku kungenxa yokuba begxile kwi TV ngoko ababonanga okanye babe namava obomi obujikeleze bona njengoko bunjalo.

Ixesha Elishiyiweyo

Xa ixesha kufuneka liqatshelwe kwaye ayingeyi kuba yi outpoint ye “ixesha elishiyiweyo.” Yimeko ekhethekileyo ye datum ekhutshiweyo.

Umzekelo, ukuba ufumana isimemo kwitheko lesidlo sangokuhlwa kodwa umhla ebengabhalwanga kwisimemo, ngekhe wazi ukuba ucwangciselwe nini kwaye awukwazi ukuya.

Ixesha elishiyiweyo linokuba nesiphumo esibi (esinobungozi) isiphumo esongezayo kwimpambano (ubuhlanya).

Umzekelo, iphephandaba ukusuka ku 1814 kunye nelinye ukusuka ngo-1922 lifundwa elinye emva kwelinye ngaphandle kwemihla liya kuvelisa ukubhideka okunzima ukukuqonda. Iphephandaba liza kubonakala lingaqhelekanga kakhulu, kodwa kunzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni.

Ingxelo esisishwankathelo yemeko eneziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezenzekileyo kwisithuba esingaphezulu kwesiqingatha sonyaka, ngaphandle kokuthetha njalo, inga dala impendulo ebonakala ngathi ayichanekanga kwimeko yangoku.

Kwimeko ye madmen ngoku il’ ixesha elishiyiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba baxingile kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ababoni elangoku. Nje ngokuxelela iqela le madmen ukuba “lize kuthi ga kwixesha langoku” baya kuvelisa olumbalwa “unyango” olubonakala lungumhlola. Kwaye ukufumana umhla wokugula okanye iintlungu kuya soloko kubangela ukuba imke.

Ixesha uku aberrate (i-illogicalities) lomeleza ixesha elishiyiweyo ngokuqinisekileyo lifanelekile njenge outpoint.

Ubuxoki

Xa usiva iinyani ezimbini ezichaseneyo (ezichaseneyo), enye bubuxoki okanye zombini zibubo.

Ipropaganda (ulwazi okanye amahemuhemu ahlala engeyonyani) kunye neminye imisebenzi ijongana ngokukodwa kubuxoki kwaye ibangela ukuphazamiseka kakhulu kwaye ikhathaze.

Nokuba yenziwa nge purpose okanye hayi, ubuxoki buyi outpoint. Isenokuba yimpazamo okanye bubuxoki obucingisisiswe phandle okanye omnye uthethe ukukhusela into okanye ukhusela umntu, kodwa iseyi outpoint.

Nantoni na ebubuxoki ilunga kolu luhlu lwe outpoint. Umntu olixoki, isenzo, injongo, nayiphi na into ethi izame ukuba yenye into engeyiyo, obo bubuxoki kunye ne outpoint.

Intsomi (ibali elenziweyo) elingazenzisiyo ukuba libe yiyo nantoni na nangoku alisibobuxoki.

Ke ubuxoki buthetha “ngaphaya kokuba bubonakala” okanye “ngaphandle kwento eveziweyo.”

Umzekelo, ukuba ubuye kwindawo yokutya ekhawulezayo yokutya kuba ububona iiposta zabo zikhuthaza into entsha “iJumbo Burger” kodwa oko ungakhange kubonakale ngathi ziintengiso zabo, loo powusta ibubuxoki.

Akunyanzelekanga ukuba ucinge kakhulu ngayo kwaye akunzima kuwe ukubona ukuba into ekhuthazwayo okanye ebonakalisiweyo iyinto enye kodwa eneneni yenye into, iyi outpoint.

Ukubaluleka Okutshintshiweyo

Nanini na xa ukubaluleka kwento kutshintshiwe kubaluleko lwayo, yenziwe ukuba ibonakale okanye ibonakale ibhetele okanye yenziwe ibonakale ibaxekile, iyi outpoint.

Ngamanye amagama, into inokunikwa ukubaluleka okukhulu ngakumbi kunoko inako, njengokuthi i jeweler inyuse ixabiso lomsesane wedayimani liphindwe kathathu kunexabiso layo.

Kwakhona, into inokwabelwa ukubaluleka okungaphantsi kunokuba inako. Umzekelo, ukuba ubunokuthengisa indlu ukuze uphulukane nenye yefenitshala owawuyithengile kwivenkile ethengisa izinto ezingasa sebenziyo, ungathengisa izinto ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu ukuba ubungazi ukuba zibalulekile.

Okanye ngamanye amaxesha inani lezinto zokungeniswa ezahlukeneyo zinganikwa inqanaba elifanayo lokubaluleka, njengoko zonke ziyafana.

Umzekelo, umntu osisigxina kwindlela aziva ngayo malunga nabantu abavela kwilizwe elithile unokucinga ukuba “bafana” bonke babefana kwaye ngekhe abone umohluko.

Zonke ezi zii outpoints, iinguqulelo ezintathu zento enye.

Ukuze ufumanise phandle ukuba loluphi ungeniso lwayo nantoni na, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba yonke into inento yokwenza nokuba yintoni na into ekwilizwe lokwenyani.

Ukujolisa Okungalunganga

Xa umntu enze impazamo ngelixa uzama ukufezekisa okuthile, njengokucinga ukuba ubekhona okanye kufanelekile ukuba aye ku-A kwaye afumanise ukuba aye ku-B leyo yi outpoint.

Esi sisiphoso esiqhelekileyo ngokuchana ukubiza igama nokuba ngubani umntu okanye into ethile. Kukwa yiyo ipurpose okanye ii goals umntu angalunganga ngazo. Umzekelo, “Ukuba siwisa phantsi i-X siya kuba silungile” kusoloko kukhokelela ekufumaneni ukuba kufanele ukuba kube ngu-Y endaweni.

Nanku omnye umzekelo wokukhetha ukujolisa okungalunganga. Oku, okanye into efanayo, yenzekile kwixesha elidlulileyo apho umntu wagqiba kwelokuba abulale iKumkani ukuze abantu bakhululeke ukuba barhafiswe, kodwa oku kushiya umntu obutha irhafu ephila ukuze asetyenziswe ngurhulumente olandelayo.

Ukungabina bulungisa sisenzo esingenabulungisa okanye esingalunganga okanye impatho yomntu kwaye ihlala iyi outpoint ekuthiwa ukujolisa okungalunganga.

Umzekelo wokujolisa okungalunganga ayisibobulungisa kuba kukubamba abantu abathatha iziyobisi, kodwa kuwongwe inkampani eyenza iziyobisi nethengisela abantu iziyobisi.

Emkhosini, amacebo abo kunye neendlela zokucwangcisa kunye nokuyalela imikhosi, iinqwelomoya kunye neenqanawa zokulwa idabi phantse kuhlala kulilinge ukufumana utshaba ukuba luye kwicala elingalunganga okanye kujoliswe kokungalunganga ukuze utshaba lube buthathaka kwaye loyiswe.

Kwaye amaxesha xa umntu engamthandi okanye amthiye omnye umntu xa behlangana okokuqala, ngokufuthi isekwe kwimpazamo yokucinga ukuba uBill ngumntu othile ogama linguPete. Lo ngomnye umzekelo wo ukujolisa okungalunganga.

Inani elikhulu lokungacingi (ukungacingi okanye ukungaziphathi ngendlela enengqiqo okanye efanelekileyo) kusekwe ku ukujolisa okungalunganga, kwimithombo engalunganga kunye nonobangela abangalunganga.

Ukuba uxela ngokuchanekileyo isigulana ukuba sine ulcers xa singenazo ii ulcers, sinamathela kwi outpoint ecothayo okanye ethintela ukuphola kwakhe.

Isixa somsebenzi esichithwa kwii purposes ezingalunganga okanye ii goals ziya kukhanyisela umhlaba iminyaka eliwaka.

Umthombo Ongalunganga

“Umthombo ongalunganga” u lelinye icala le ngqekembe yemali yo-ukujolisa okungalunganga, oko kukuthi yindawo, umntu okanye into evela kuyo into ethile okanye iqala ngokuchaseneyo ithagethi.

Umzekelo, ulwazi oluthathwe k’ umthombo ongalunganga, ii-odolo ezithathwe k’umthombo ongalunganga, izipho okanye izinto eziphathekayo (izinto) ezithathiweyo ezivela k’ umthombo ongalunganga konke kukhokelela ekubeni kubekhona ukubhideka kudideko kunye nengxaki enokubakho.

Xa ungaboni ukuba ufumana into k’ umthombo ongalunganga kunokuba ziintloni okanye ukubhideka. Ngapha koko, liqhinga elithandwayo labantu abakrelekrele. Umzekelo, 9 Isebe Leenkcukacha Ezingezizo kwiMpuma yeJamani lalineendlela ezinzima zokufaka ulwazi olufihlakeleyo nokufihla umthombo apho uvela khona.

Kwinqanaba elingaphantsi, ukuthatha ingxelo evela kumntu owaziyo ukuba ngumnqwazi ombi (umntu ongendawo okanye ongento yanto) kunye nokusebenzisa ulwazi lakhe ukuthatha inyathelo, sisizathu esiqhelekileyo sempazamo ezenziwe kulawulo.

Iinyani Ezichaseneyo

Xa kusenziwa intetho ezimbini kwinto enye echaseneyo (ngokuchaseneyo) omnye komnye, sine “iinyani ezichaseneyo.”

Lento yokuba akukho ngqiqo ikwabizwa ngokuba bubuxoki, kuba enye yeengxelo iyakuba bubuxoki.

Kodwa xa usenza uphando awungekhe utsho ukuba yinyani engeyonyani ngaphandle kokufunda nokucinga ngalo mbandela. Ngokusekwe kuloo nto iba yi outpoint ekhethekileyo.

Umzekelo, ingxelo ethi “Inkampani yenze ingeniso engaphezulu kwe average kuloo veki” kwaye “Abakwazanga ukuhlawula abasebenzi” ukuba zithethwa malunga ngexesha elifanayo zisinika ingxelo enye okanye zombini njengobuxoki. Sisenokungazi ukuba yinyani le kodwa sazi ukuba zichasene noko kwaye sinokuthi sibabize ngale ndlela.

Xa ubuza umntu, le ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba nabani na onika iinyani ezimbini eziphikisanayo uba ngumsolwa ophambili ekukholelwa ukuba ungoyena unempazamo kwaye kuyimfuneko ukubuza ngakumbi. Umzekelo, umntu othi “ndingummi waseSwitzerland” kodwa onepasipoti yaseJamani efunyenwe kwimpahla yakhe uza kukrokrelwa ukuba uyaxoka.

Xa iinyani ezimbini “zichasene” okanye zichasene (sichasa enye), sinokuthi asazi ukuba yinyani kodwa siyazi ukuba zombini azinakuba ziyinyani.

Xa into ikhutshwa ngulo mbutho, nkqu nakubantu ababini abohlukeneyo kuloo mbutho, izinto ezibini eziphikisanayo “iinyani” ziyi outpoint.

Ixesha Elongeziweyo

Le outpoint ichasa ixesha elishiyiweyo. Kwi outpoint yexesha elongeziweyo esinalo, njengowona mzekelo uqhelekileyo, into ethatha ixesha elide kunokuba kufanele. Le yinguqulo yedatha ephikisanayo. Umzekelo, masithi into kufuneka ithathe iiveki ezintathu kuphela ukuyenza kodwa kunikwe ingxelo yokuba ithathe iinyanga ezintandathu. Kodwa ixesha elongeziweyo kufuneka libonwe njengoluvo lwalo kuba abantu baqhele “okusengqiqweni,” oko kuthetha ukuba bacinga izizathu zokucacisa into kwaye bangaboni ukuba yi outpoint ngokwayo.

Kwimeko embi kakhulu, ixesha elongeziweyo liba yi outpoint.

Umzekelo, umntu uthi izinto ezimbini okanye ezingakumbi zenzekile ngexesha elinye ezibandakanya umntu omnye, owayengenakuze azibone zombini ezi zinto. Kule meko ixesha kuye kwafuneka longezwe kwizinto ezibambekayo zomhlaba ukwenza ulwazi lube yinyani. Ngokutsho, lo mntu uthi, “Ndahamba ndisiya e Saigon ezinzulwini zobusuku ngo-April 21, 2017 ngenqanawa evela eSan Francisco.” Kwaye emva koko uthi “Ndathatha imisebenzi yam eSaigon ngo-April 30, 2017.” Apha kufuneka songeze ixesha kwizinto ezibambekayo zomhlaba ukuze zombini izehlo zenzeke kuba inqanawa ingathatha iiveki ezimbini okanye ezintathu ukusuka eSan Francisco ukuya eSaigon.

I data eyongeziweyo Engasebenziyo

Ngenxa yokuba kukho i data eyongezelelweyo (ulwazi) oluxelwe ngumntu akuthethi ukuba yi outpoint. Isenokuba ngumntu nje ozama ukuba nocoselelo. Kodwa xa i data ingeyomfuneko kwimeko yangoku okanye imeko kwaye yongezwa, ngokuqinisekileyo yi outpoint.

Amaxesha amaninzi i data eyongeziweyo inikezelwa ngumntu ukuba agubungele ukungakhathalelwa komsebenzi wabo okanye ukugubungela imeko yokwenyani. Ngokuqinisekileyo oko kuthetha ukuba umntu uzama ukufihla into.

Ngokwesiqhelo i data eyongeziweyo inezinye ii outpoints njengo ukujolisa okungalunganga okanye ixesha elongeziweyo.

Xa usebenzisa le outpoint uqiniseke ukuba uyaliqonda igama eli ngasebenziyo, elithetha into engakwaziyo ukusetyenziswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwimeko efanelekileyo. Kwaye kwakhona ubone ukuba yi outpoint kuphela ukuba i data ngokwayo ayisebenzi kumbandela ojongane nawo.

I Datum Engafakwanga Ngokufanelekileyo

Kukho enye i outpoint ebizwa ngokuba engalunganga efakiweyo i datum, engumhlobo (into ekhoyo ikunye nenye into) kwi datum ekhutshiweyo njenge outpoint.

Ngokwesiqhelo, lento yenzeka xa umntu engasiqondi isiganeko ngokwaso, kuba engazi nto engqondweni yakhe kwaye into yokuqala ekufuneka eyicacisile ayabikho.

Umzekelo, thatha umntu ophethe indawo yokugcina ikhamera ongazi naluphi na uhlobo lweekhamera. Endaweni yokufaka onke amaqela afunekayo kwikhamera ethile kwibhokisi enye, ufumana ii lensi zekhompyuter (encamathisela ii lensi zekhamera ukugcina ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo) yazo zonke iikhamera ezixubene nebhokisi enye ephawulwe “ii lens hoods.” Xa omnye umntu efuna ukuhlanganisa okanye asebenzise ikhamera yena uchitha iiyure ezininzi efuna iinxalenye zayo ezibhokisini ezibhalwe kakuhle “ngasemva kwekhamera,” “ii lens,” “ii tripods” (inkxaso yomlenze emithathu yokuxhasa ikhamera), njl.

Kule meko, xa umntu elahlekile kwindawo ebonakala ukuba yikhamera okanye isebenza njani xa imisiwe, ucinga ukuba izinto ziyafana xa zinjalo. IiLens hoods zii lens hoods. iiTripods zii tripods. Ke inkqubo engalunganga isetyenzwa phandle ukuba ihlukaniswe ngokwamacandelo ngenxa yokuba engazi ukuba yeyiphi na iscene.

Omnye umzekelo ngumhambi ongakwaziyo ukuchaza iyunifomu enxitywe ngumntu wenye, ngoko ke “uyisombulula” ngokwahlukanisa zonke iyunifomu njenge “porters” (indoda enomsebenzi wokuhambisa impahla ehotele). Kwaye ke unika ingxowa yakhe kumphathi wamapolisa yiyo loo nto echithe iholide yakhe ejele.

Xa usilela ukuqonda ngale scene, kuyakwenza imeko apho ucinga ukuba into iyafana nenye.

Umzekelo, u lieutenant womkhosi omtsha udlula kanye kuloo ngcothoza wotshaba onxibe njengomnye wamajoni akhe. Nangona kunjalo, i sergeant enamava elapha emva kwe lieutenant ibona i outpoint kwaye ibamba kwangoko longcothoza, kuba longcothoza wayenganxibanga yunifomu njengaye wonke umntu osemkhosini.

Amaxesha aya kutshintsha ukuhlelwa kwe data.

Umzekelo, ngo-1920 nabani na owayenekhamera kufutshane ne zibuko lo lwandle wayecingelwa ukuba ungumhloli. Ngo-1960 nabani na owayephethe ikhamera wayengenakuba ngumkhenkethi, ngoko ke wayeqatshelwa!

Ke indawo yexesha elinye eluntwini ayisiyiyo indawo eyiyenye.

Zintathu ezinye iintlobo zee outpoints ekufuneka zaziwe ukuze zisetyenziswe kuphando. Zezi zilandelayo:

Ezicingelwayo “Izazisi” azifani

Okufanayo “Ukufana” akufani okanye iklasi yezinto

Ocingelwayo “Umahluko” awahlukanga

Ukuphatha i Data

Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezingamawaka zokuphatha gwenxa i data ezinokunika umfanekiso ongeyonyani ngokupheleleyo.

Xa useka iintshukumo zakho okanye imiyalelo kwi data equlethe enye yezi outpoints zingasentla, uya kwenza impazamo.

ISIZATHU SIXHOMEKEKE KWI DATA.

XA I DATA INESIPHOSO (njenge ngasentla) IMPENDULO IYAKUBA AYILUNGANGA KWAYE IJONGEKE NJENGE NGENAYO INGQIQO.

Kukho inani elikhulu lokudityaniswa kwale data. Kunokubakho ngaphezulu kwenye okanye zonke ii outpoints zingaba kwingxelo enye oyifumanayo.

Ukuqwalaselwa komntu kunye nonxibelelwano malunga nento ayibonileyo inokuba ukukho ngqiqo.

Ukuba kunjalo, ke nayiphi na inzame oyenzayo ukusombulula imeko ayizukusebenza ngokulungisa okanye ekuyisingatheni.

Sebenzisa

Ukuba naliphi na iqumrhu lolwazi linikwa ezi mvavanyo zingasentla, likwenza ukuba uqonde ngokwazi uyazi akukho ngqiqo.

Ukufumana impendulo ey’ ingqiqo umntu kufuneka abe ne data ey’ ingqiqo.

Ngamanye amagama, nawuphi na umzimba we data oqulethe enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ziphene zingasikhokhelela kwisigqibo esinokuthi akukho ngqiqo.

Isizathu sokuba unike okanye wamkele ongenangqiqo okanye ongasebenziyo umyalelo kungokuba ingxelo iqulethe enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpazamo zingasentla kwaye ke kufikelelwe kwisigqibo esingalunganga, esenziwayo ngoku

ii Pluspoints

Kukho imeko enye okanye ezingaphezulu ezikhoyo xa imeko okanye imeko iy’ ingqiqo Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii pluspoints. I pluspoint yi datum yenyani efunyaniswe iyinyani xa ithelekiswa noluhlu olulandelayo lweemeko eziy’ ingqiqo.

Ii Pluspoints zibonisa ukuba ingqiqo ikhona kunye nalapho izinto zihamba khona ngokuchanekileyo okanye apho kunokwenzeka ukuba zihambe khona ngokuchanekileyo.

Apho izinto ziba ngcono okanye kukho ukuphucuka ngesiquphe kwindawo okanye kombutho, unobangela woku kufuneka ufumaneke ukomeleza oko bekuyi mpumelelo. Ukwenza olu hlobo lophando, usebenzisa ii pluspoints.

Ezi zi pluspoints:

Xa ufumanisa phandle ukuba kutheni izinto ziye zaba bhetele ukuze uqiniseke ukuba izinto ezifanayo zenziwe kwakhona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba usebenzise ii pluspoints ngegama njengasentla.

Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ii pluspoints zizo ezizenza izinto zihambe ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukunga-Yazi

Ungasoloko u-yazi into ngayo nantoni na.

Ngumntu olumkileyo, othi, xa ejongene ne data ephikisanayo, aqonde ukuba wazi into enye—ukuba akazi.

Ukuqonda ukuba, emva koko unokuthatha amanyathelo okufumanisa phandle.

Ukuba uvavanya i data ayifumanayo phandle ethelekisa izinto ezingasentla, unokucacisa imeko. Emva koko unokufikelela kwisigqibo esisengqiqweni.

Oku kuyenzeka kuwe. Ngokusebenzisa olu lwazi, unokwenza izinto zihambe ngokulungileyo.

Ukugrumba

Kuyimfuneko ukusebenza phandle eyakho imizekelo yolwaphulo-mthetho lwe ngqiqo echazwe kule khosi.

Ngokwenza njalo, uyakufumana isakhono sokucwangcisa phandle i data yemeko.

Xa ukwazi ukucwangcisa phandle i data kwaye ube nesakhono kuyo, kuya kuba nzima kakhulu ukukhohliswa kwaye uya kuba uthathe inyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo ukubamba uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lwayo nayiphi na imeko.